Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Master student of Business Management, Faculty of Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

2 Assistant prof at University of Tehran

3 3. Deputy of Iran Smart City Research Center, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Today, many countries are institutionalizing the concept of smart city and implementing IoT programs that support smart city components, relying on the extensive IT infrastructure to improve the sustainability and quality of life needed by their communities. But using the Internet of Things to develop a smart city faces several challenges. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the main challenges of the Internet of Things and to understand the relationship between these challenges to support the development of smart cities in Iran. Initially, 14 major challenges were extracted based on domestic and foreign literature. Then, using the SWARA technique, the challenges were prioritized based on summarizing the views of seven relevant experts in the field of smart cities in Iran. In the next step, the underlying interactions between the identification challenges and their importance were determined using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). Then, MICMAC method was used to confirm the results. According to the findings, the challenges in the interpretive structural method were leveled at six levels. Then, to test the results of this stage, MICMAC method was used.The results of this stage showed that the lack of policies, perspectives and regulatory guidelines, high training, operational and maintenance costs, inequality (social), lack of transparency and responsibility, lack of technical knowledge among Planners, lack of technology infrastructure and lack of intelligence were identified as influential and key variables of the study.

Keywords

امین‌نژاد، کاوه؛ غفاری گیلانده، عطا؛ یزدانی، محمد حسن و محمدی، علیرضا. (1399) تحلیل بسترها و موانع تحقق حکمروایی هوشمند (مطالعه موردی: شهر سنندج)، فصلنامه علمی مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونت گاه های انسانی، 1(3)، 841-856..
پوراحمد، احمد؛ زیاری، کرامت الله؛ حاتمی نژاد، حسین و پارسا پشاه آبادی، شهرام. (1397). مفهوم و ویژگیهای شهر هوشمند، مجله علمی ـ پژوهشی پژوهشکده هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر، 15(58)، 26-5.
تقوا، محمدرضا؛ تقوی فرد، محمدتقی؛ معینی، علی و زینالدینی، محمدرضا. (1396). مدلی برای دولت هوشمند: تبیین ابعاد دولت هوشمند با استفاده از روش فراترکیب، فصلنامة مطالعات مدیریت کسب و کار هوشمند، 6(21)، 131-168.
شعبانی، ابوذر و روستایی، رسول، (1396)، مروری بر رایانش مه، کاربردها و مقایسه آن با رایانش ابری، اولین کنفرانس ملی کامپیوتر و فناوری اطلاعات، سپیدان، https: //civilica. com/doc/687077/
رونقی، محمدحسین و حسینی، فروغ السادات. (1397). شناسایی و رتبه بندی خدمات اینترنت اشیا در حوزه سلامت، مدیریت سلامت، 21(73)، 106-117.
زاهدی، شمس السادات و خانباشی، محمد. (1391). چارچوبی نظاممند برای تجزیه و تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر اعتماد سیاسی در ایران. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی مطالعات مدیریت (بهبود و تحول)، 21(68)، 33 -65.
عزیزی، فاطمه. (1399)، بررسی نقش شهر هوشمند در توسعه شهری منطقه‌ای (نمونه مورد مطالعه شهر جدید هشتگرد)، نشریه مجله رهیافتی در مدیریت بازرگانی، 1(2)، 780-792.
فهم فام، قدسیه و حمیدی، حجت اله. (1396). عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه و مدیریت شهر هوشمند با استفاده از یک رویکرد ترکیبی از فناوریهای داده‌های بزرگ اینترنت اشیا و رایانش ابری، فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران (ایرانداک)، 34(2)، 557-584.
موسوی، میرنجف، مدیری، مهدی، سادات کهکی، فاطمه (1394). تبیین عوامل و شاخص‌های تاثیرگذار اسلامی ایرانی در توسعه متوازن استان خراسان رضوی با استفاده از نرم افزار MICMAC، فصلنامه مدیریت شهری، 15(45)، 7-30.
مولائی، محمد مهدی؛ شاه حسینی، گلاره و دباغچی، سمانه. (1395). تبیین و واکاوی چگونگی هوشمندسازی شهرها در بستر مؤلفه ها و عوامل کلیدی اثرگذار، پژوهش‌های مدیریت در ایران، 6(3)، 75-93.
مهدی‌زاده، معین. (1398). بررسی رابطه بین شهر هوشمند و توسعه پایدار و چالشهای دستیابی به شهر هوشمند پایدار، نشریه علمی تخصصی شباک، 5(46)، 119-128.
یزدان پناه، حمیدرضا و حسنی آهنگر، محمدرضا. (1395). اینترنت اشیا: (IOT) کاربردها، فناوری‌ها و چالش‌های مورد بحث، هشتمین کنفرانس بین‌المللی فناوری اطلاعات و دانش، همدان، https: //civilica. com/doc/548780/
 
References
Ageed, Z. S. , Zeebaree, S. R. , Sadeeq, M. M. , Kak, S. F. , Rashid, Z. N. , Salih, A. A. , & Abdullah, W. M. (2021). A survey of data mining implementation in smart city applications. Qubahan Academic Journal, 1(2), 91-99.
Azizi, F. (2020), The role of smart city in regional urban development (a case study of the new city of Hashtgerd), Journal of Approach Journal in Business Management, 1(2), 780-792. [In persian]
Ballon, P. , Glidden, J. , Kranas, P. , Menychtas, A. , Ruston, S. , & Van Der Graaf, S. (2011, October). Is there a need for a cloud platform for european smart cities?. In eChallenges e-2011 Conference Proceedings, IIMC International Information Management Corporation, 1-7.
Bennett, D. , Pérez-Bustamante, D. , & Medrano, M. L. (2017). Challenges for Smart Cities in the UK. In Sustainable Smart Cities, 1-14. Springer, Cham.
Bourhim, E. M, & Cherkaoui, A. (2019, July). How can the virtual reality help in implementation of the smart city?. In 2019 10th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
De Jong, M. , Joss, S. , Schraven, D. , Zhan, C. , & Weijnen, M. (2015). Sustainable–smart–resilient–low carbon–eco–knowledge cities; making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization. Journal of Cleaner production, 109, 25-38.
Feizi, F. (2021). Adaptation and Mitigation for Meeting the Climate Change through Urban Plans: Assessing Urban Development Plans of Tehran, Iran, 1-17.
Gharibi, A& Moghtaderi,F. (2021). Smart transformation in Iran (Part 1). Available from: https: //www. thesmartcityjournal. com/en/articles/smart-transformation-in-iran-part-1.
Golubchikov, O. , & Thornbush, M. (2020). Artificial intelligence and robotics in smart city strategies and planned smart development. Smart Cities, 3(4), 1133-1144.
Janssen, M. , Luthra, S. , Mangla, S. , Rana, N. P. , & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2019). Challenges for adopting and implementing IoT in smart cities: An integrated MICMAC-ISM approach. Internet Research, 29(6), 1589-1616.
Lee, J. H. , Phaal, R. , & Lee, S. H. (2013). An integrated service-devicetechnology roadmap for smart city development. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(2), 286–306.
Li, S. , Tryfonas, T. and Li, H. (2016). The Internet of Things: a security point of view. Internet Research, 26(2), 337-359.
Monzon, A. (2015, May). Smart cities concept and challenges: Bases for the assessment of smart city projects. In 2015 international conference on smart cities and green ICT systems (SMARTGREENS) (pp. 1-11). IEEE.
Moreno, M. V. , Terroso-Sáenz, F. , González-Vidal, A. , Valdés-Vela, M. , Skarmeta, A. F. , Zamora, M. A. , & Chang, V. (2016). Applicability of big data techniques to smart cities deployments. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 13(2), 800-809.
Noori, N. , Jong, M. D. , & Hoppe, T. (2020). Towards an integrated framework to measure smart city readiness: the case of Iranian cities. Smart Cities, 3(3), 676-704.
Patel, K. K. , & Patel, S. M. (2016). Internet of things-IOT: definition, characteristics, architecture, enabling technologies, application & future challenges. International journal of engineering science and computing, 6(5). 6122_6131.
Perera, C. , Zaslavsky, A. , Christen, P. , & Georgakopoulos, D. (2014). Sensing as a service model for smart cities supported by internet of things. Transactions on emerging telecommunications technologies, 25(1), 81-93.
Pierce, P. , & Andersson, B. (2017). Challenges with smart cities initiatives–A municipal decision makers’ perspective.
Ronaghi, M. H. , & Forouharfar, A. (2020). A contextualized study of the usage of the Internet of things (IoTs) in smart farming in a typical Middle Eastern country within the context of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT). Technology in Society, 63, 101415.
Shen, M. , Tang, X. , Zhu, L. , Du, X. , & Guizani, M. (2019). Privacy-preserving support vector machine training over blockchain-based encrypted IoT data in smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(5), 7702-7712.
Shokouhi, M. A. , Naghibirokni, S. N. , Alizadeh, H. , & Ahmadi, A. (2016). Evaluation of smart city criteria in ahvaz city, Iran. Iran University of Science & Technology, 26(2), 141-149.
Silva, B. N. , Khan, M. , Seo, J. , Muhammad, D. , Yoon, Y. , Han, J. , & Han, K. (2018, December). Exploiting Big Data Analytics for Urban Planning and Smart City Performance Improvement. In 2018 12th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), IEEE, 1-4.
Singh, M. D. , & Kant, R. (2008). Knowledge management barriers: An interpretive structural modeling approach. International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management, 3(2), 141-150.
Stanujkic, D. , Karabasevic, D. , & Zavadskas, E. K. (2015). A framework for the selection of a packaging design based on the SWARA method. Engineering Economics, 26(2), 181-187.
Tachizawa, E. M. , Alvarez-Gil, M. J& Montes-Sancho, M. J. (2015), "How “smart cities” will change supply chain management", Supply Chain Management, 20 (3), 237-248.
Wei, L. , & Yang, S. (2018, December). Based On Big Data Technology Analysis On The Mode And Countermeasures Of Smart City Construction Operation Management. In 2018 3rd International Conference on Smart City and Systems Engineering (ICSCSE), IEEE, 184-186.
Zanella, A. , Bui, N. , Castellani, A. , Vangelista, L. , & Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things journal, 1(1), 22-32.
References [In persian]
Aminnejad, K; Ghaffari Gilande, A; Yazdani, M. H& Mohammadi, A. (2020), Analysis of contexts and obstacles to the realization of intelligent governance (Case study: Sanandaj city), Scientific Quarterly of Human Settlement Planning Studies 1(3), 856-841. [In persian]
Azizi, F. (2020), The role of smart city in regional urban development (a case study of the new city of Hashtgerd), Journal of Approach Journal in Business Management, 1(2), 780-792. [In persian]
Fahm Fam, Gh& Hamidi, H. (2017). Factors Affecting the Development and Management of Smart City Using a Combined Approach of IoT and Cloud Computing Big Data Technologies, Iranian Journal of Information Science and Technology Research Institute (Irandak), 34(2), 557-584. [In persian]
Mehdizadeh, M. (2019). Investigating the Relationship between Smart City and Sustainable Development and the Challenges of Achieving a Sustainable Smart City, Shabak Scientific Journal, 5(46), 128-119. [In persian]
Molaei, M. M; Shah Hosseini, G& Dabaghchi, S. (2016). Explaining and analyzing how smart cities are in the context of key components and effective factors, Management Research in Iran, 6(3),75-93. [In persian]
Mousavi, M. N, Modiri, M& Sadat Kahaki, F (2015). Explaining the effective factors and indicators of Iranian Islam in the balanced development of Khorasan Razavi province using MICMAC software, Urban Management Quarterly, 15(45), 7-30. [In persian]
Poorahmad, A; Ziari, K; Hatami Nejad, H& Parsa Pashabadi, Sh. (2018). The concept and characteristics of smart city, Scientific-Research Journal of Nazar Institute of Art, Architecture and Urban Planning, Fifteenth Year, 58(97), 26-5. [In persian]
Ronaghi, M. H& Hoseini F. S. (2019). Identification and ranking of IoT services in the field of health, health management, 21 (73), 106-117. [In persian]
Shaabani, A& Roustaei, R, 2017, A Review of May Computing, Applications and Its Comparison with Cloud Computing, First National Conference on Computers and Information Technology, Sepidan, https: //civilica. com/doc/687077/ [In Persian]
Taqwa, M. R; Taqwa Fard, M. T; Moeini, A& Zeinaldini, M. R (2017). A Model for Smart Government: Explaining the Dimensions of Smart Government Using the Hybrid Method, Quarterly Journal of Smart Business Management Studies, 6(21), 168-131. [In Persian]
Yazdanpanah, H& Hassani Ahangar, M. (2016). Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, Technologies and Challenges Discussed, 8th International Conference on Information Technology and Science, Hamedan, https: //civilica. com/doc/548780 [In persian]
Zahedi, Sh. S& Khanbashi, M. (2012). A systematic framework for analyzing the factors affecting political trust in Iran. Journal of Management Studies (Improvement and Transformation), Twenty-second year No. 21(68), 33-65. [In persian]