Management approaches in the field of smart
Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard; Payam Hanafizadeh; Saeedeh Mehri; Iman Raeesi Vanani
Abstract
Business model change in startups is essential for adapting to evolving market demands and increasing competitiveness, playing a critical role in their success. However, most research related to business model change has mainly focused on established firms. To address this research gap, the present study ...
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Business model change in startups is essential for adapting to evolving market demands and increasing competitiveness, playing a critical role in their success. However, most research related to business model change has mainly focused on established firms. To address this research gap, the present study provides a framework that contributes to understanding the role of design themes in startup business model changes. In this study, a systematic literature review was used to analyze theoretical foundations and prior researches. After defining the research question, designing a search strategy, and applying screening criteria, 95 articles published between 2000 and 2024 were reviewed. In the first stage, a conceptual model was developed to analyze the dimensions of business model change by reviewing theoretical foundations and prior researches. This model was then refined through inductive-deductive thematic analysis, using evidence from empirical articles and case studies. The identified themes—novelty, efficiency, lock-in, complementarity, and adaptability—were examined across four main dimensions of business model change: content, structure, governance, and stream. The findings showed these themes interact synergistically and contribute to competitive advantage and business sustainability. The research results suggest that these five overarching themes provide a suitable framework for understanding and managing business model change in startups.IntroductionIn recent years, the topic of entrepreneurship and startups has attracted significant attention and has emerged as a key driver of economic growth. The business model of startups plays a fundamental role in this process, serving as a mechanism for exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities and creating value (Amit & Zott, 2001; George & Bock, 2011; Guo et al., 2020). However, one of the key characteristics of the startup and entrepreneurial environment is high uncertainty, which static business models are unable to effectively adress (Demil & Lecocq, 2010). Accordingly, the main objective of this research is to develop a framework for changing the business models of digital startups and to offer practical insights for entrepreneurs. To explore the dynamics of startup business model change, this study addresses the following key research question:Research QuestionHow do startup business models evolve, and which business model themes drive this change?To answer this question, a conceptual framework was developed based on the business model structure proposed by Amit and Zott (2001) and the business model innovation framework proposed by Spieth and Schneider (2016). Literature ReviewThe existing literature on business model change follows two major approaches: the evolutionary approach and the theme-based approach (Guo et al., 2020).2.1. Evolutionary Approach to Business ModelsFrom an evolutionary approach, the business model of the startup changes and evolves in a dynamic manner through flexibility (Bock et al., 2012), experimentation (Andries et al., 2013), and trial-and-error learning (Chesbrough, 2010; Sosna et al., 2010). This approach draws upon methodologies such as the Lean Startup (Ries, 2011) and Customer Development (Blank, 2013), which suggest that business models evolve through iterative testing and customer feedback. Studies based on this approach show that incremental and continuous changes in business models require careful attention to the firm's internal resources and competencies, as explained by the resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities theory (Schneider & Spieth, 2013).2.2. Theme-Based Approach to Business ModelsThe theme-based approach focuses on using specific themes to structure business models and value creation. The four conventional themes are novelty, efficiency, lock-in, and complementarity (Amit & Zott, 2001, 2012; Kulins et al., 2016; Pati et al., 2018):Novelty: Refers to innovation in products or services or underlying resources and capabilities.Efficiency: Focuses on cost optimization and resource utilization.Lock-in: Helps strengthen long-term relationships with customers and partners.Complementarity: Enhances synergies among different value propositions.Recent studies (Zott & Amit, 2007; Ojala, 2016; Costa & Haftor, 2021) have demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach in fostering strategic entrepreneurship, allowing startups to integrate external opportunities with internal capabilities for sustained growth.2.3. Research Gap and Initial Conceptual ModelBusiness model change research has primarily focused on established firms (Achtenhagen et al., 2013; Bohnsack et al., 2014), while business model change in startups - a broadly defined type of organization with limited resources, high uncertainty, flexibility, and differences in value creation sources - has been less examined in the academic literature (Kesting & Günzel-Jensen, 2015; Guckenbiehl & Corral de Zubielqui, 2022). Amit and Zott (2001) recommend more research on the dynamics of business model themes, a gap reiterated by Randhawa et al. (2020). In this study, based on the business model structure by Amit and Zott (2001) and the stream dimension of Spieth and Schneider (2016), we analyze startup business model change themes across four dimensions: content, structure, governance, and stream.MethodologyThis study adopts an inductive–deductive approach and conducts a systematic literature review on startup business model change. The review process adhered to Tranfield et al.'s (2003) framework: planning the review; conducting the review; analyzing the findings. The articles included in the literature review were from articles published between 2000–2024 and they were retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Initial output of 197 articles were ultimately reduced to 95 articles for in-depth review after duplicates and irrelevant articles were removed. To identify core concepts and themes related to business model change, the data were coded and analyzed using ATLAS.ti software.ResultsThematic analysis using the theme network tool led to the identification of five primary themes: novelty, efficiency, lock-in, complementarity, and adaptability. Each of these themes represents business model change in four dimensions: content, structure, governance, and stream (see Table 1) Table 1. Final Framework of Startup Business Model Change Based on Business Model Design ThemesDimensions NoveltyEfficiencyLock-InComplementarityAdaptabilityContent Products, services, information, or value propositionsüüüüüResources and assetsüü üüCapabilities and competenciesü üüStructure Customer segments and their relationsü üParticipants and their relationsü üüCommunication mechanismsüüüüüGovernance Controllersü ü Formal and legal structure üIncentivesü ü Stream Revenue streamsü üüCost structuresüü üInvestment structuresü üDiscussionThe framework proposed in this study introduces an additional dimension—stream—which extends the three-dimensional concep outlined by Amit and Zott (2001): content, structure, and governance. Furthermore, the inclusion of adaptability, which is not present in Amit and Zott’s model, is a significant innovation. Supported by Sharma et al.'s (2016) model, this framework integrates adaptability into a unified business model design, addressing dynamic environments and emerging market challenges beyond operational management.ConclusionThis study offers two important contributions to the literature by providing a new conceptual framework for startup business model change (Table 1). First, in addition to the four conventional business model themes (novelty, efficiency, lock-in, complementarity), the adaptability theme is introduced to demonstrate the importance of adaptability in changing and evolving business models. Second, this study provides new insights into how business models change by adding the stream alongside the content, structure, and governance dimensions.Keywords: Startup, Business Model Change, Business Model Design Themes.
Management approaches in the field of smart
Mohammadakbar Sheikhzadeh; Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard; iman raeisivanani; Jahanyar Bamdadsoofi
Abstract
Crowdfunding is an effective way to achieve the non-profit goals of the charities which can be expanded using information and communication technology. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim of providing an online donation intention model for collective financing of charitable institutions ...
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Crowdfunding is an effective way to achieve the non-profit goals of the charities which can be expanded using information and communication technology. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim of providing an online donation intention model for collective financing of charitable institutions in Iran. The current research is an applied-developmental research in terms of its purpose, and it is considered a cross-sectional survey research from the data collection point of view. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes managers of charity institutions and university professors. Sampling was done using a purposeful method and theoretical saturation with 10 interviews. In the quantitative section, the views of 357 benefactors were used. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze the collected data, qualitative thematic analysis and partial least squares were used. The research findings showed that the technical infrastructure facilitating conditions, the quality and transparency of the website information, the security of the site and the application, and the preservation of privacy affect the perceived risk. Perceived risk affects the expectation of effort and the pleasure of helping others and leads to the expectation of performance and social influence. Finally, online donation intention is strengthened through trust.IntroductionToday, charity institutions in the country can expose to the various needs of the needy to the public using crowdfunding platforms, so that with the participation of people the necessary financial resources are provided and the problems of the needy and the deprived are solved. In this field, practical and scientific activities have also been carried out however one of the most important issues neglected from the researchers’ view point and activists in this field is the discussion of the desire or intention of online donation among benefactors. The best online donation platforms and the use of the latest technologies are not enough to attract public participation, and it is not easy to encourage and motivate people to donate online. This issue itself can be discussed from various aspects. On the one hand, the basic element of this method of financing is the maximum participation of people, and on the other hand, members of the society have little knowledge about the issue and do not have much desire to attend such calls.Therefore, in general, it can be said that the intention to donate online is a fundamental factor in the success of the efforts of the country's charities for crowdfunding. The basic question of this research is that: what is the online donation intention model for collective financing of charities in Iran?Literature ReviewCrowdfunding is an alternative way to finance a project with specific goals at a specific time through an online platform. The phenomenon of crowdfunding is emerging in the field of financing resources, goods and services in the modern digital field (Jiao and Yue, 2021). The current study focuses on the crowdfunding approach based on donations in Iranian charities. This method is mostly used in non-profit and philanthropic projects, and the participants do not expect any financial support, and are mostly used to finance charities, religious places, and civil institutions (Salido et al., 2021). In the crowdfunding method based on donation, the participants do not have any expectations for the provided financial support. The donor believes wholeheartedly in the correctness of his act and considers it to be socially beneficial. This model is usually used in financing civil institutions and charities (Van Thienbroek et al., 2023).MethodologyThis is an applied-developmental research. The population of participants in the qualitative section includes theoretical experts and experimental. Sampling was done with a purposeful method and theoretical saturation was achieved with 10 interviews. The sample size was estimated to be 357 people using Cochran's formula.The main tool for collecting research data is a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. And then, using ISM, the relationships between the main factors affecting the intention to donate online were determined by experts. The interview included 6 basic questions and was conducted in a semi-structured way. The research questionnaire includes 10 main constructs and 51 items with a five-point Likert scale. Thematic analysis was used to identify the categories of online donation intention for crowdfunding of charities in Iran. Data analysis was done in qualitative phase with MAXQDA software and in quantitative phase with Smart PLS software.ResultsThe results of the interviews were analyzed by the qualitative method of thematic analysis based on the six-step method of Etrid-Straling (2001). 830 open codes were identified in the first stage. After analysis and review, we reached 5 overarching themes, 10 organizing themes and 51 basic themes as below:Overarching themes: Social factors- Technical factors-Individual factors- Security factors- Consequence factors.Organizer themes: Performance expectation- Endeavour expectation- Social influence- Quality and transparency of website information- Technical infrastructure facilitating conditions- Trust- The joy of helping others- Perceived risk- Site and application security and privacy- Intention to donate online.DiscussionThe present study was conducted with the aim of presenting the online donation intention model for the collective financing of charitable organizations in Iran. Based on the results, it was determined that the facilitating conditions of the technical infrastructure, the quality and transparency of the website information, the security of the site and the application, and the protection of privacy affect the perceived risk. In the results of Zhang et al.'s (2023) and Shahidi and Kivani's (1401) studies, the technical infrastructure and website information components are also mentioned as important elements in the intention to donate online, and from this point of view, it is consistent with the results of the present study. It was also shown that the perceived risk affects the expectation of effort and the pleasure of helping others and leads to the expectation of performance and social influence. In the results of the studies of Hassanzadeh Sarostani et al. (2017) and Bass and Rushdi (2023), the importance of paying attention to the perceived risk is also mentioned, and from this point of view, it is consistent with the results of the present study. Finally, the results of the research showed that online donation intention is strengthened through trust. This importance has been confirmed in the results of Shahabi-Shojaei et al.'s study (1401).ConclusionThe present study was conducted with the aim of presenting the online donation intention model for the collective financing of charitable institutions in Iran. Based on the results, it was determined that the facilitating conditions of the technical infrastructure, the quality and transparency of the website information, the security of the site and the application, and the protection of privacy affect the perceived risk. It was also shown that the perceived risk affects the expectation of effort and the pleasure of helping others and leads to the expectation of performance and social influence. Finally, the results of the research showed that online donation intention is strengthened through trust.
Reyhaneh Forouzandeh Joonaghani; mirali Seyednaghavi; Vajhollah ghorbanizadeh; Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard
Abstract
In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence, especially machine learning, has grown significantly in the field of HRM, which is unknown to many managers and experts in the field of HR due to the newness of this field. A lot of data is being generated by users of organization in HRM domains ...
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In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence, especially machine learning, has grown significantly in the field of HRM, which is unknown to many managers and experts in the field of HR due to the newness of this field. A lot of data is being generated by users of organization in HRM domains and the related fields, which are difficult to analyze and use in HR activities. The capabilities of data science and machine learning have been able to make great contributions to the field of HRM and beyond to the management of the organization with descriptive, diagnostic, predictive and prescriptive reports and analyses. The purpose of the research is to examine the measures that have been taken so far in the field of HRM intelligence, and in this research, three main questions are answered. The first question is to identify HRM activities that can be made intelligent. In the second question, the application of various ML algorithms in HRMI has been identified. In the third question, based on the maturity levels of data analytics, the classification of "ML algorithms in intelligent HRM functions" has been made. In order to answer , a wide range of articles were extracted from reliable scientific databases and journals and analyzed based on a mixed method. In this method, qualitative and quantitative methods for data analysis were investigated at the same time. IN the quantitative part, text mining algorithms were used Python language, and in the qualitative part, thematic analysis was used MAXQDA2020 .
Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard; roya hejazinia
Abstract
Social media, as an advancement in information technology is one of the most appealing topics to the public sector. Governments need to take measures to profit from this technology so that they can offer the most sought-for today's services. The COVID-19 pandemic and the necessity of providing virtual ...
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Social media, as an advancement in information technology is one of the most appealing topics to the public sector. Governments need to take measures to profit from this technology so that they can offer the most sought-for today's services. The COVID-19 pandemic and the necessity of providing virtual services have additionally highlighted social media technology in public sector. This study aims to propose a social media-based maturity model to deliver sustainable e-government services (e-government 2.0) in developing countries. The various dimensions of the model were identified by using the mixed research approach. For qualitative investigations, data were collected by literature review and semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. For quantitative assessments, data were gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by a one-sample t-test and the two-way chi-square test. The dimensions of e-government 2.0 maturity model were initial phases (information transparency activities), managed phases (knowledge creation and management), defined phases (participation and collaboration), quantitatively managed phases (activities, real servicing, and transactions), and optimized phases (smartening up service delivery).
Mohamammad Ali KhatamiFirouzabadi; MohammadTaghi TaghaviFard; Khalil Sajjadi; Jahanyar Bamdad Soufi
Abstract
Knowing customer behavior patterns, clustering and providing proper services to the customers is one of the most important issues for the banks.In this research, 5 criteria of each customer, including Recency, Frequency, Monetary, Loan and Deferred, were extracted from a bank database during a fiscal ...
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Knowing customer behavior patterns, clustering and providing proper services to the customers is one of the most important issues for the banks.In this research, 5 criteria of each customer, including Recency, Frequency, Monetary, Loan and Deferred, were extracted from a bank database during a fiscal year, and then customers were clustered using K-Means algorithm. Then, a multi-objective model of bank service allocation was designed for each of the clusters. The purpose of the designed model was to increase customer satisfaction, reduce costs, and reduce the risk of allocating services. Given the fact that the problem does not have an optimal solution, and each client feature has a probability distribution function, simulation was used to solve the models. To determine the optimal solution, Simulated Annealing algorithm was used to create neighboring solutions and consequently a simulation model was implemented. The results showed a significant improvement in the current situation. In this research, we used Weka and R-Studio software for data mining and Arena for simulation and optimization
mohammad taghi taghavi fard; Zahra Vafadar; Mehdi Rahim; Mojtaba Aghaei
Abstract
In all countries, entity or entities are responsible for the governance in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In Iran, the governance of this area is the responsibility of several institutions which they must consider a set of elements and their relationships ...
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In all countries, entity or entities are responsible for the governance in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In Iran, the governance of this area is the responsibility of several institutions which they must consider a set of elements and their relationships at the national level. The main objective of this paper is to institutionally analyze Iran's ICT governance system based on the cycle of cohesion policy and reviewing the existing challenges. With the review of the literature, a model for cohesion policy has been extracted. Based on this model and extensive research in the literature and interviews with experts in this field and by identifying responsible institutions in the governance of ICT and explaining their key roles in making policies the current situation and institutional challenges in each phase of the model is analyzed. Finally, to overcome the challenges ahead, some suggestions are presented.
Zohreh Dehdashti Shahrokh; Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard; Mohammad Reza Karimi Alavijeh; Mohammad Mehdi Poursaeed
Volume 3, Issue 9 , December 2014, , Pages 1-24
Abstract
Fundamental changes occurred in the society and economy since the nineteenth century has clearly reflected in the development of our communities. Consumption communities which had not been previously existed came to the existence by the development of mass media especially Web 2.0 and modern marketing. ...
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Fundamental changes occurred in the society and economy since the nineteenth century has clearly reflected in the development of our communities. Consumption communities which had not been previously existed came to the existence by the development of mass media especially Web 2.0 and modern marketing. As a result; people are increasingly taking their identity tied to their brands. On the other hand, the market in the twenty-first century is dominated by advanced communication technology and e-commerce and hence, virtual brand communities are rapidly expanding. With regards to the above, in this study factors affecting participation in such communities are identified. The research method used is survey and the population consisted of those customers who are the members of virtual communities. Data were collected from 408 members of these communities. In order to test the hypotheses related to the components of the model, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used. The study findings suggest that four factors that is: factors related to the brand, social factors, factors related to the product, and functional factors are affecting participation in virtual brand communities.
Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard; M Shirzad; Zeynab Salavati; A. Pourashraf
Volume 1, Issue 4 , September 2014, , Pages 25-35
Abstract
Knowledge Management (KM) as a multi-disciplinary field is including a widerange of science fields such as computer, management, information systems, andeconomics. This study investigates the relationship between culture andorganizational commitment and KM in Tavanir Company. The research method isdescriptive ...
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Knowledge Management (KM) as a multi-disciplinary field is including a widerange of science fields such as computer, management, information systems, andeconomics. This study investigates the relationship between culture andorganizational commitment and KM in Tavanir Company. The research method isdescriptive and correlation-based and questionnaire is used to gather data todetermine knowledge management, organizational commitment andorganizational culture factors. The population consists of 850 individuals, out ofwhich 267 were used as a sample for this study. The obtained results indicate asignificant relationship between knowledge management and organizationalculture while, no significant relationship between organizational commitment andknowledge management and organizational culture on organizational commitmenthas been observed
