Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on income inequality with an emphasis on Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Under the division of International Telecommunications Union, underlying countries have been differentiated in two groups of the high and average level of information and communication technology. The research modeling is based on Panel data over the time period of 2001-2016.
The results indicate that foreign direct investment (FDI) and ICT have a negative and significant effect on inequality in two groups of countries. Also, the impact of (FDI) and ICT on income inequality in countries with high level of ICT is more than those with an average level of ICT but the effect is the same in both countries. Based on the results, ICT in each group of countries can change the stable relationship between FDI and inequality.
Keywords
منابع
ابونوری اسماعیل و همکاران (1387) " شاخص‌های اقتصادی و توزیع درآمد در میان کشورهای اسلامی" مرکز تحقیقات اقتصاد اسلامی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، همایش اقتصاد اسلامی و توسعه
اصغرپور حسین و همکاران (1393). تأثیر جهانی‌شدن بر توزیع درآمد در کشورهای عضو سازمان کنفرانس اسلامی. فصلنامهسیاست‌هایمالیواقتصادی. سال دوم. شماره 6. تابستان 1393، صفحات 140-123
بهکیش، محمدمهدی. (1380). اقتصاد ایران در بستر جهانی‌شدن. چاپ سوم. تهران: نشر نی: ص 24
پورفرج، علیرضا. عیسیزاده روشن یوسف. (1389). فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، نابرابری درآمد و رشد اقتصادی. فصلنامه اقتصاد مقداری. شماره 2: 94-75
گرجی، ابراهیم و محمد برهانی پور. (1387). جهانی‌شدن و توزیع درآمد در ایران. پژوهشنامه اقتصادی ایرانیان. سال دهم، شماره 34: 99- 124
ناجی میدانی، علیاکبر. (1382). آثارجهانی‌شدناقتصادبررشد،اشتغالوتوزیعدرآمد درایران. پایاننامه دوره دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
نجارزاده، رضا و الهام مهدوی راسخ. (1389). بررسی تأثیر جهانی‌شدن بر توزیع درآمد در کشورهای عضو دی هشت. فصلنامه پژوهشنامه بازرگانی. شماره 54: 109-87
نظری، محسن و زهرا فتوره چی. (1388). رابطه جهانی‌شدن با توزیع درآمد در ایران و آزمون فرضیه کوزنتس، استالپرساموئلسون و ماندل در ایران. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی رفاه اجتماعی. سال دهم، شماره 36.
Adams,S. (2008). Globalization income distribution: Implication for intellectual property rights. Journal of policy modeling 30. A725-735.
Asteriou,D, Dimelis.S and Moudatsou,A. (2014). Globalization and income inequality: A panel data econometric approach for the EU27 countries. Economic Modeling 36, pp592-599.
Barro, R.J. (2000). Inequality and growth in a panel of countries. Journal of Economic Growth, 5 (1), 5-3
Bergh, A. and Nilsson, T. (2010). Do Liberalization and Globalization Increase Income Inequality? European Journal ofPolitical Economy, 26(4), PP. 488-505.
Bhasin, V. and Annim, S. K. (2005). Impact of Elimination of Trade taxes on Poverty and Income Distribution in Ghana. Working Paper.
ChristianLessmann(2013).Foreign direct investment and regional inequality: A panel data analysis, China Economic Review,Volume 24, Pages 129-149
Feenstra, R.C., Hanson, G. (1997). Foreign direct investment and relative wages, evidence from Mexico’s maquiladoras. Journal of International Economics 42,371–393.
Figini, P. and Gorg, H. (1999). Multinational companies and wage inequality in the host country: the case of Ireland. Weltwirtschaftliches Archive, Band 135, heft 4: 135–14
Giovanni, A.C. (1999), Liberalization, globalization, and income distribution (UNU-WIDER Working Paper No. 157).
Harrison, A.E., Rodríguez-Clare, A., (2010). Trade, foreign investment, and industrial policy for developing countries. In: Rodrik, D., Rosenzweig. M. (Eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, Vol. 5, pp. 4039–4214.
International Monetary Fund (1997), World Economic Outlook, May, Washington, p. 45.
Kanbur, R., (2000). Income distribution and development. In: Atkinson, A., Bourguignon, F. (Eds.), Handbook of Income Distribution. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Kraay, A., (2006). When is growth pro poor? Evidence from a panel of countries. J. Dev. Econ. 80, 198–227.
Krueger, Alen.(1993).How computers have changed the wage structure: Evidence from microdata,1984‐1989. Quarterly journal of economics,108:1,: 33‐60.
Kuznets, S. (1955), Economic Growth and Income Inequality. American Economic Review, Vol. 45, Pp. 1-28.
Lee, Jong-Eun, ( 2006). Inequality and globalization in Europe. J. Policy Mode 28, 791–796.
Mah, J. S. (2003). A note on globalization and income distribution–the case of Korea, 1975–1995. Journal of Asian Economics, 14, 157–164.
Milanovic, B. (2005). Can we discern the effect of income distribution? Evidence From household budget surveys. World Bank Economic Review, 19, 21–44.
Mundell, R. A. (1957). International trade and factor mobility. American Economic Review, 47(3): 321-335.
Nolan, B. (1988), Macroeconomic Conditions and the Size Distribution of Income: evidence from the United Kingdom. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Vol, 11, No, 2, PP. 196–221.
Stiglitz, J.E., (1998). More Instruments and broader goals: moving toward the post Washington consensus. WIDER Annual Lecture 2. UNU-WIDER, Helsinki.
René Cabral,RocíoGarcía-Díaz,André arella Mollick(2016).Does globalization affect top income inequality? Journal of Policy Modeling Volume 38, Issue 5, Pages 916-940
Winters, A., McGulloch, N., McKay, A., ( 2004). Trade liberalization and poverty: the evidence so far. J. Econ. Lit. XLII, 72–115.
World Income Inequality Database (WIID, Version 2.0 c) by UNU-WIDER
منابع
ابونوری اسماعیل و همکاران (1387) " شاخص‌های اقتصادی و توزیع درآمد در میان کشورهای اسلامی" مرکز تحقیقات اقتصاد اسلامی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، همایش اقتصاد اسلامی و توسعه
اصغرپور حسین و همکاران (1393). تأثیر جهانی‌شدن بر توزیع درآمد در کشورهای عضو سازمان کنفرانس اسلامی. فصلنامهسیاست‌هایمالیواقتصادی. سال دوم. شماره 6. تابستان 1393، صفحات 140-123
بهکیش، محمدمهدی. (1380). اقتصاد ایران در بستر جهانی‌شدن. چاپ سوم. تهران: نشر نی: ص 24
پورفرج، علیرضا. عیسیزاده روشن یوسف. (1389). فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، نابرابری درآمد و رشد اقتصادی. فصلنامه اقتصاد مقداری. شماره 2: 94-75
گرجی، ابراهیم و محمد برهانی پور. (1387). جهانی‌شدن و توزیع درآمد در ایران. پژوهشنامه اقتصادی ایرانیان. سال دهم، شماره 34: 99- 124
ناجی میدانی، علیاکبر. (1382). آثارجهانی‌شدناقتصادبررشد،اشتغالوتوزیعدرآمد درایران. پایاننامه دوره دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
نجارزاده، رضا و الهام مهدوی راسخ. (1389). بررسی تأثیر جهانی‌شدن بر توزیع درآمد در کشورهای عضو دی هشت. فصلنامه پژوهشنامه بازرگانی. شماره 54: 109-87
نظری، محسن و زهرا فتوره چی. (1388). رابطه جهانی‌شدن با توزیع درآمد در ایران و آزمون فرضیه کوزنتس، استالپرساموئلسون و ماندل در ایران. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی رفاه اجتماعی. سال دهم، شماره 36.
Adams,S. (2008). Globalization income distribution: Implication for intellectual property rights. Journal of policy modeling 30. A725-735.
Asteriou,D, Dimelis.S and Moudatsou,A. (2014). Globalization and income inequality: A panel data econometric approach for the EU27 countries. Economic Modeling 36, pp592-599.
Barro, R.J. (2000). Inequality and growth in a panel of countries. Journal of Economic Growth, 5 (1), 5-3
Bergh, A. and Nilsson, T. (2010). Do Liberalization and Globalization Increase Income Inequality? European Journal ofPolitical Economy, 26(4), PP. 488-505.
Bhasin, V. and Annim, S. K. (2005). Impact of Elimination of Trade taxes on Poverty and Income Distribution in Ghana. Working Paper.
ChristianLessmann(2013).Foreign direct investment and regional inequality: A panel data analysis, China Economic Review,Volume 24, Pages 129-149
Feenstra, R.C., Hanson, G. (1997). Foreign direct investment and relative wages, evidence from Mexico’s maquiladoras. Journal of International Economics 42,371–393.
Figini, P. and Gorg, H. (1999). Multinational companies and wage inequality in the host country: the case of Ireland. Weltwirtschaftliches Archive, Band 135, heft 4: 135–14
Giovanni, A.C. (1999), Liberalization, globalization, and income distribution (UNU-WIDER Working Paper No. 157).
Harrison, A.E., Rodríguez-Clare, A., (2010). Trade, foreign investment, and industrial policy for developing countries. In: Rodrik, D., Rosenzweig. M. (Eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, Vol. 5, pp. 4039–4214.
International Monetary Fund (1997), World Economic Outlook, May, Washington, p. 45.
Kanbur, R., (2000). Income distribution and development. In: Atkinson, A., Bourguignon, F. (Eds.), Handbook of Income Distribution. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Kraay, A., (2006). When is growth pro poor? Evidence from a panel of countries. J. Dev. Econ. 80, 198–227.
Krueger, Alen.(1993).How computers have changed the wage structure: Evidence from microdata,1984‐1989. Quarterly journal of economics,108:1,: 33‐60.
Kuznets, S. (1955), Economic Growth and Income Inequality. American Economic Review, Vol. 45, Pp. 1-28.
Lee, Jong-Eun, ( 2006). Inequality and globalization in Europe. J. Policy Mode 28, 791–796.
Mah, J. S. (2003). A note on globalization and income distribution–the case of Korea, 1975–1995. Journal of Asian Economics, 14, 157–164.
Milanovic, B. (2005). Can we discern the effect of income distribution? Evidence From household budget surveys. World Bank Economic Review, 19, 21–44.
Mundell, R. A. (1957). International trade and factor mobility. American Economic Review, 47(3): 321-335.
Nolan, B. (1988), Macroeconomic Conditions and the Size Distribution of Income: evidence from the United Kingdom. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Vol, 11, No, 2, PP. 196–221.
Stiglitz, J.E., (1998). More Instruments and broader goals: moving toward the post Washington consensus. WIDER Annual Lecture 2. UNU-WIDER, Helsinki.
René Cabral,RocíoGarcía-Díaz,André arella Mollick(2016).Does globalization affect top income inequality? Journal of Policy Modeling Volume 38, Issue 5, Pages 916-940
Winters, A., McGulloch, N., McKay, A., ( 2004). Trade liberalization and poverty: the evidence so far. J. Econ. Lit. XLII, 72–115.
World Income Inequality Database (WIID, Version 2.0 c) by UNU-WIDER
)