مطالعات مدیریت کسب و کار هوشمند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مدیریت، واحد پرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پرند، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکترای رشته مدیریت سیاستگذاری بازرگانی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر تعارض کار-خانواده بر رضایت از زندگی با نقش میانجی استرس شغلی و رضایت شغلی است. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی-همبستگی و جامعه آماری نامحدود شامل اساتید دانشگاه است که تعداد384 نفر به‌روش دردسترس انتخاب ‌شدند. جمع‌آوری داده با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌های الکترونیک و تحلیل آماری با نرم‌افزارهایSPSS وSMARTPLS3 انجام‌شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان‌داد که با افزایش تعارض کار-خانواده تنها در وضعیت تدریس مجازی رضایت از زندگی کاهش‌یافت؛ تأثیر استرس شغلی بر رضایت از زندگی در وضعیت تدریس حضوری و مجازی معنادار نبود؛ تأثیر تعارض کار-خانواده بر رضایت از زندگی با میانجی‌گری جزئی رضایت شغلی تنها در وضعیت تدریس مجازی معنادار بود و نقش استرس شغلی در رابطه بین تعارض کار-خانواده و رضایت شغلی به‌عنوان میانجی جزئی تأیید شد. نتایج حاصل از مقایسه اختلاف میانگین‌ها نشان‌داد که تداخل کار با خانواده مبتنی‌بر اجبار در وضعیت تدریس مجازی بیشتر از حضوری بود و اساتید به‌مراتب در شرایط بدتری قرار داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Work- Family Conflict (WFC) on Life Satisfaction: the mediation roles of Job Stress and Job Satisfaction In face-to-face and virtual teaching from the perspective of professors

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud Simkhah 1
  • Elaheh Mohamadkhani 2

1 Assistant Prof. Management Department, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran

2 PhD student in Business Policy Management, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research was investigating the effect of Work- Family Conflict on Life Satisfaction and the mediation roles of Job Stress and Job Satisfaction. This research was descriptive correlation. The statistical population included university professors and 384 people were selected by available sampling Data collection was performed using electronic questionnaires and statistical analysis was performed with SPSS and SMARTPLS 3. The results showed that with the increase in WFC, life satisfaction decreased only in the situation of virtual teaching; The effect of job stress on life satisfaction was not significant in both face-to-face and virtual situations; The effect of WFC on life satisfaction with partial mediation of job satisfaction was significant only in situation of virtual teaching; And the role of job stress in the relationship between WFC and job satisfaction was confirmed as a partial mediator. The results of comparing the mean differences showed that the interaction of work with family based on strain in the virtual teaching situation was more than the face-to-face teaching situation and the professors were in a much worse situation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Life Satisfaction
  • Work-Family Conflict
  • Job Stress
  • Job Satisfaction
  1. افخمی اردکانی، مهدی، رادمرد، سید اقبال و رجب پور، ابراهیم. (1395). بررسی نقش تعدیل گر حمایت اجتماعی در رابطه تعارض کار- خانواده و رضایت شغلی. فصلنامه مدیریت فرهنگ سازمانی، 14 (1)، 116-97. Doi: 22059/JOMC.2016.57462
  2. انصاری، سمیرا، بشیری پور، افسانه، ورمزیار، سکینه و علیزاده، ابراهیم. (1397). مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری تاثیر استرس شغلی بر رضایت شغلی کارکنان نظامی. مجله مهندسی بهداشت حرفه‌ای، 5 (1) ، 24-16. Doi: 21859/johe-5.1.16
  3. پاغوش، عطاا... زارعی، اقبال، زینلی پور، حسین و دمی زاده، حسن. (1395). تاثیر تعارض کار- خانواده بر فرسودگی شغلی با میانجیگری کیفیت زندگی و رضایت شغلی در کارکنان شرکت پالایش گاز سرخون و قشم. مجله دانش و پژوهش در روان‌شناسی کاربردی، 17 (3)، 59-72 . http://jsr-p.khuisf.ac.ir/article_534026.html?lang=fa
  4. پیرایش، رضا و حاتمی، فاطمه. (1398). بررسی تاثیر فرسودگی و استرس شغلی بر رضایت شغلی کارکنان با نقش میانجی نظام جبران خدمات (مورد مطالعه: کارکنان دانشگاه زنجان). فصلنامه توسعه منابع انسانی و پشتیبانی، 14 (54)، 23-49. http://harold.jrl.police.ir/article_93217.html
  5. خانی جزنی، رضا، وزیری، محمدحسین و برخورداری، امیر. (1397). بررسی تاثیر تعارض کار- خانواده و مرکز کنترل کاری بر استعداد حادثه‌پذیری: نقش میانجی استرس. مجله بهداشت کار و ارتقا سلامت، 2 (4)، 255-269. Doi: 18502/ohhp.v2i4.435
  6. سیم­خواه، مسعود و جودی بیگدیلو، شجاعت. (1396). روش تحقیق و کاربرد نرم‌افزارهای SPSS, LISREL, SMART PLS در تحقیق‌های علمی، چاپ اول، تهران، سنجش و دانش.
  7. عیسی مراد، ابوالقاسم و خلیلی صدرآبادی، مریم. (1396). بررسی رابطه تعارض کار- خانواده و استرس شغلی با نقش تعدیل گر سرمایه روان‌شناختی. فصلنامه فرهنگ مشاوره و‌روان‌درمانی،8(29)،206-187. Doi:22054/QCCPC.2017.19178.1448
  8. غفوریان، هما، قاسمی، ایرج و ابراهیمی، محمد. (1390). بررسی تاثیر میزان استرس شغلی بر رضایت شغلی مدیران مدارس. فصلنامه اندیشه‌های تازه در علوم تربیتی، 6 (4)، 33-48. Doi: 1001.1.20081138.1390.6.4.2.1
  9. کرمی، معصومه، کرمی، زهره و صحرانورد، یاسر. (1396). بررسی وضعیت استرس شغلی و بار کاری بر رضایت شغلی در کارکنان معدن مس سرچشمه. مجله بهداشت کار و ارتقا سلامت، 1 (2)، 104-110. http://ohhp.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-49-fa.html http://jsums.medsab.ac.ir/article_987.html?lang=fa
  10. ملکیها، مرضیه، باغبان، ایران، فاتحی زاده، مریم و اعتمادی، عذرا. (1393). بررسی اثربخشی مدیریت تعارض کار- خانواده بر رضایت شغلی زنان شاغل دانشگاه اصفهان. فصلنامه مشاوره شغلی و سازمانی،6 (19)، 110-128. https://psychac.scu.ac.ir/article_11772.html?lang=fa
  11. نعامی، عبدالزهرا و محمودی کیا، مریم. (1398). رابطه تعارض کار- خانواده با فشار روان‌شناختی و
  12. رضایت از زندگی. مجله روانشناسی 89، 23 (1)، 99-111. http://iranapsy.ir/Article/21431
  13. Akram, B., Bibi, B., Ashfaq Ahmed, M., & Kausar, N. (2020). Work-family conflict and suicidal ideation among physicians of Pakistan: the moderating role of perceived life satisfaction.OMEGA-Journal of death and dying, 0030222820947246. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0030222820947246
  14. Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2015). How effective is telecommuting? Assessing the status of our scientific findings. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16 (2), 40-68. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1529100615593273
  15. Armstrong, G. S., Atkin-Plunk, C. A., & Wells, J. (2015). The relationship between work–family conflict, correctional officer job stress, and job satisfaction. Criminal justice and behavior, 42 (10), 1066-1082. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0093854815582221
  16. Brayfield, A. H., & Rothe, H. F. (1951). An index of job satisfaction.Journal of applied psychology, 35 (5), 307. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0055617
  17. Caramela, S. (2017). Communication technology and inclusion will shape the future of remote work. Business News Daily.
  18. Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict. Journal of Vocational behavior, 56 (2), 249-276. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1713
  19. Charalampous, M., Grant, C. A., Tramontano, C., & Michailidis, E. (2019). Systematically reviewing remote e-workers’ well-being at work: A multidimensional approach. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28 (1), 51-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1541886
  20. Contreras, F., Baykal, E., & Abid, G. (2020). E-leadership and teleworking in times of COVID-19 and beyond: what we know and where do we go. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 34-84. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590271
  21. Cooper, L. (2002). Managing workplace stress: A best practice blueprint. Wiley.
  22. Cranny, C. J., Smith, P. C., & Stone, E. (1992). Job satisfaction: How people feel about their jobs. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00879.x
  23. Darley, L. (2017). The Future of Work: Flexible Work Arrangements.
  24. Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49 (1), 71-75. https://fetzer.org/sites/default/files/images/stories/pdf/selfmeasures/SATISFACTION-SatisfactionWithLife.pdf
  25. Dizaho, E. K., Salleh, R., & Abdullah, A. (2017). Achieveing Work Life Balance Through Flexible Work Schedules and Arrangements.Global Business & Management Research, 9. https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Achieveing+Work+Life+Balance+Through+Flexible+Work+Schedules+and...-a0522760269
  26. Erdogan, B., Bauer, T. N., Truxillo, D. M., & Mansfield, L. R. (2012). Whistle while you work: A review of the life satisfaction literature.Journal of management, 38 (4), 1038-1083. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0149206311429379
  27. Ferguson, M., Carlson, D., & Kacmar, K. M. (2015). Flexing work boundaries: The spillover and crossover of workplace support. Personnel Psychology, 68 (3), 581-614. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12084
  28. Fitzer, M. M. (1997). Managing from afar: Performance and rewards in a telecommuting environment. Compensation & benefits review, 29 (1), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F088636879702900110
  29. Fonner, K. L., & Roloff, M. E. (2010). Why teleworkers are more satisfied with their jobs than are office-based workers: When less contact is beneficial.Journal of Applied Communication Research, 38 (4), 336-361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2010.513998
  30. State of the American workplace. Gallup News. Retrieved (November 17, 2017) from https://www.gallup.com/workplace/238085/state-american-workplace-report-2017.aspx
  31. Ghislieri, C., Molino, M., Dolce, V., Sanseverino, D., & Presutti, M. (2021). Work-family conflict during the Covid-19 pandemic: teleworking of administrative and technical staff in healthcare. An Italian study. La Medicina del lavoro, 112 (3), 229. https://dx.doi.org/10.23749%2Fmdl.v112i3.11227
  32. Golden, T. D., Veiga, J. F., & Simsek, Z. (2006). Telecommuting's differential impact on work-family conflict: Is there no place like home? .Journal of applied psychology, 91 (6), 1340. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1340
  33. Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of management review, 10 (1), 76-88. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1985.4277352
  34. Gutek, B. A., Searle, S., & Klepa, L. (1991). Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict.Journal of applied psychology, 76 (4), 560. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-9010.76.4.560
  35. Hasan, N. A. B. B., & Teng, L. S. (2017). Work-life balance and job satisfaction among working adults in Malaysia: The role of gender and race as moderators. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 5 (1), 18-24. doi: 10.18178/joebm.2017.5.1.478
  36. Hsu, Y. Y., Bai, C. H., Yang, C. M., Huang, Y. C., Lin, T. T., & Lin, C. H. (2019). Long hours’ effects on work-life balance and satisfaction.BioMed Research International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5046934
  37. Hombrados-Mendieta, I., & Cosano-Rivas, F. (2013). Burnout, workplace support, job satisfaction and life satisfaction among social workers in Spain: A structural equation model. International Social Work, 56 (2), 228-246. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0020872811421620
  38. Howard, W. G., Donofrio, H. H., & Boles, J. S. (2004). Interdomain workfamily, familywork conflict and police work satisfaction. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 27 (3), 380-395. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510410553121
  39. Irawanto, D. W., Novianti, K. R., & Roz, K. (2021). Work from home: Measuring satisfaction between work–life balance and work stress during the covid-19 pandemic in indonesia. Economies, 9 (3), 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030096
  40. Itzhaki, M., Peles‐Bortz, A., Kostistky, H., Barnoy, D., Filshtinsky, V., & Bluvstein, I. (2015). Exposure of mental health nurses to violence associated with job stress, life satisfaction, staff resilience, and posttraumatic growth.International journal of mental health nursing, 24 (5), 403-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12151
  41. Jackson, L. T., & Fransman, E. I. (2018). Flexi work, financial well-being, work–life balance and their effects on subjective experiences of productivity and job satisfaction of females in an institution of higher learning. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 21 (1), 1-13. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-de8bdd5c1
  42. Khan, E. A., Aqeel, M., & Riaz, M. A. (2014). Impact of job stress on job attitudes and life satisfaction in college lecturers. International journal of information and education Technology, 4 (3), 270. DOI: 10.7763/IJIET.2014.V4.411
  43. Khateeb, F. R. (2021). Analysis Of Work-Life Conflict Construct In Case Of Telework-A Case Study Of Teachers From Kashmir Valley (India) During Covid-19 Pandemic.SEA-Practical Application of Science, (26), 143-154. http://seaopenresearch.eu/Journals/articles/SPAS_26_7.pdf
  44. Kraft, M. A., & Simon, N. S. (2020). Teachers’ experiences working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Upbeat. Downloaded July, 7, 2020. https://education.brown.edu/news/2020-06-25/teachers-experiences-working-home-during-covid-19-pandemic
  45. Lait, J., & Wallace, J. (2002). Stress at work: A study of organizational-professional conflict and unmet expectations. Relations industrielles/Industrial relations, 57 (3), 463-490. https://doi.org/10.7202/006886ar
  46. Lambert, E., Hogan, N. L., & Altheimer, I. (2010). The association between work-family conflict and job burnout among correctional staff: A preliminary study. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 35 (1-2), 37-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-009-9067-1
  47. Landolfi, A., Barattucci, M., De Rosa, A., & Lo Presti, A. (2021). The Association of Job and Family Resources and Demands with Life Satisfaction through Work–Family Balance: A Longitudinal Study among Italian Schoolteachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behavioral Sciences, 11 (10), 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs11100136
  48. Lari, N. (2020). The impact of work-family conflict on job satisfaction: A Qatari perspective. In Families and Social Change in the Gulf Region (pp. 131-151). Routledge.
  49. Liu, J., Lambert, E. G., Jiang, S., & Zhang, J. (2017). A research note on the association between work–family conflict and job stress among Chinese prison staff.Psychology, Crime & Law, 23 (7), 633-646. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2017.1296148
  50. Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology.Chicago: RandMc Narlly, 2 (5), 360-580.
  51. Lutz, S., Schneider, F. M., & Vorderer, P. (2020). On the downside of mobile communication: An experimental study about the influence of setting-inconsistent pressure on employees’ emotional well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 105, 106216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106216
  52. Maneechaeye, P. (2021). Structural equation model evaluating the impact of isolation and workfamily conflict on burnout among teleworking professionals.Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 42 (3), 630-636. https://doi.org/10.34044/j.kjss.2021.42.3.26
  53. Mateescu, A., & Chraif, M. (2015). The relationship between job satisfaction, occupational stress and coping mechanism in educational and technical organizations. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 187, 728-732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.153
  54. McCormick, J., & Barnett, K. (2011). Teachers' attributions for stress and their relationships with burnout.International journal of educational management. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541111120114
  55. Namayandeh, H., Juhari, R., & Yaacob, S. N. (2011). The effect of job satisfaction and family satisfaction on work-family conflict (W-FC) and family-work conflict (F-WC) among married female nurses in Shiraz-Iran.Asian Social Science, 7 (2), 88. https://doi.org/10.5539/ASS.V7N2P88
  56. Naseem, K. (2018). Job stress, happiness and life satisfaction: The moderating role of emotional intelligence empirical study in telecommunication sector Pakistan. J. Soc. Sci, 4 (1), 7-14. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323165473_
  57. Parris, J. Remote work or telecommute: What's the difference. Retrieved (May 14, 2018), from https://www.workflexibility.org/remote-work-vs-telecommute-whats-the-difference/
  58. Pöysä, S., Pakarinen, E., & Lerkkanen, M. K. (2021). Patterns of Teachers’ Occupational Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Relations to Experiences of Exhaustion, Recovery, and Interactional Styles of Teaching. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 6). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.699785
  59. Ruiz‐Aranda, D., Extremera, N., & Pineda‐Galan, C. (2014). Emotional intelligence, life satisfaction and subjective happiness in female student health professionals: the mediating effect of perceived stress.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 21 (2), 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12052
  60. Schall, M. A. (2019). The Relationship between Remote Work and Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Roles of Perceived Autonomy, Work-Family Conflict, and Telecommuting Intensity. (Master's Theses, San Jose State University). https://www.proquest.com/openview/2d31cf88ac3d494d612b66c7fa12e0e2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
  61. Silva, J. P. D., & Fischer, F. M. (2020). Understudied school teachers’ work/life balance and everyday life typologies. Chronobiology International, 37 (9-10), 1513-1515. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2020.1808010
  62. Szczygieł, D., & Mikolajczak, M. (2017). Why are people high in emotional intelligence happier? They make the most of their positive emotions. Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 177-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.051
  63. Tabasum, , Khurasheed, M. A., Iqbal, M. M., & Siddiqui, I. H. (2021). The impact of telecommuting on Job Performance, Job Satisfaction,Work Life Balance, and Mental Health of Employees in Pakistan in Covid- 19: Analyzing the moderating effect of training. International Journal of Management, 12 (1). https://scopedatabase.com/documents/00000011/00000-42078.pdf
  64. Terry, D. L., & Woo, M. J. (2021). Burnout, job satisfaction, and work-family conflict among rural medical providers. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1750663
  65. Vickovic, S. G., & Morrow, W. J. (2020). Examining the Influence of Work–Family Conflict on Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment among Correctional Officers. Criminal Justice Review, 45 (1), 5-25. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0734016819863099
  66. Viegas, V., & Henriques, J. (2020). Job Stress and Work-Family Conflict as Correlates of Job Satisfaction among Police Officials. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-020-09388-w
  67. Virick, M., DaSilva, N., & Arrington, K. (2010). Moderators of the curvilinear relation between extent of telecommuting and job and life satisfaction: The role of performance outcome orientation and worker type. Human relations, 63 (1), 137-154. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0018726709349198
  68. Yucel, D. (2017). Work-to-family conflict and life satisfaction: the moderating role of type of employment. Applied research in quality of life, 12 (3), 577-591. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s11482-016-9477-4