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تبیین ویژگی‌های دانشگاه دیجیتال: مرور نظام‌مند مبانی نظری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته برنامه ریزی درسی در آموزش عالی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

ظهور فن‌آوری‌های پیشرفته همگام با انقلاب صنعتی 4.0 در آموزش عالی، به‌تدریج مفاهیم جدیدی ازجمله تحول دیجیتال، آموزش دیجیتال و نهایتاً دانشگاه دیجیتال را پدیده آورده است. دانشگاه دیجیتال مفهومی نوظهور و نیازمند تعریف است که می‌توان از طریق شناسایی ویژگی‌های آن به شفاف‌سازی این مفهوم دست‌یافت؛ بنابراین پژوهش حاضر، باهدف مطالعه و بررسی جامع مبانی نظری دانشگاه دیجیتال از طریق تبیین ویژگی‌های آن انجام‌گرفته تا بتوان به فهم و ادراک به‌مراتب دقیق‌تری دست‌یافت و به توسعه مطالعات هم از منظر تئوریک و هم کاربردی پرداخت. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل جامع مبانی نظری ویژگی‌های دانشگاه دیجیتال، از روش مرور نظام‌مند بهره گرفته شد و پس از تعیین سؤال پژوهش و استراتژی جست‌وجو و غربالگری موارد شناسایی‌شده، 43 مقاله علمی این حوزه در فاصله سال‌های 2000 تا 2022 در مبانی نظری مرتبط شناسایی شدند و مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. با مرور نظام‌مند مبانی نظری و از طریق به‌کارگیری روش کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی و مقوله‌بندی آن‌ها، هشت ویژگی اکوسیستم و جامعیت، برنامه درسی دیجیتالی، جامعه‌پذیری، استراتژی‌های دیجیتالی، تجربه دیجیتالی، پلتفرم محوری، داده محوری، نوآوری و چابکی شناسایی شد که هر بعد شامل مؤلفه‌های مختلف می‌باشد که نمایان گر تشابهات و تفاوت‌های دانشگاه سنتی و دیجیتال است که مورد تأیید خبرگان قرار گرفت. نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند راهنمایی برای مؤسسات آموزش عالی باشد تا با ارزیابی و مطابقت ویژگی‌ها، جایگاه خود را درحرکت به‌سوی دیجیتالی شدن تعیین کنند و این ویژگی‌ها را در استراتژی‌ها و رویکرد کلی مدیریت دانشگاه مدنظر قرار دهند تا امکان رقابت‌پذیری در شرایط تغییر خواسته‌های جامعه مدرن فراهم گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the characteristics of the digital university: a systematic review of theoretical foundations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Akhoondi Barzoki 1
  • MohammadReza NiliAhhmadabadi 2
  • Mehdi ShamiZanjani 3

1 , Ph.D. Student of Curriculum Planning in Higher Education, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Educational, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

3 Associate Prof., Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

 
The emergence of advanced technologies alongside the Fourth Industrial Revolution in higher education has gradually introduced new concepts such as digital transformation, digital education, and ultimately the digital university. The digital university is an emerging concept that requires definition, and it can be clarified by identifying its features. Therefore, this research aims to comprehensively study the theoretical foundations of the digital university by outlining its characteristics, enabling a deeper understanding and comprehension in this field, and contributing to the development of studies from both theoretical and practical perspectives. To thoroughly analyze the theoretical foundations of the characteristics of the digital university, a systematic review method was employed. After formulating the research question and establishing the search strategy, 43 relevant scholarly articles published between 2000 and 2022 were identified and analyzed. Through the systematic review of the theoretical foundations and by utilizing open, axial, and selective coding methods, eight characteristics were identified: ecosystem and comprehensiveness, digital curriculum, socialization, digital strategies, digital experience, platform-centricity, data-centricity, innovation, and agility. Each dimension comprises various components that reflect the similarities and differences between traditional universities and digital universities which were approved by the experts. The results of this research can serve as a guide for higher education institutions to evaluate and align their characteristics, determining their position in the move towards digitalization. Institutions can consider these characteristics in their overall management strategies to enhance competitiveness in response to the evolving demands of modern society.

Introduction

With the emergence of new technologies and the advent of the digital transformation era, higher education institutions face new challenges and opportunities. Managers encounter pressures from global competition, demographic changes, and student expectations, using digital transformation strategies to improve processes and create new models.
Digital transformation involves the convergence of emerging technologies and the redefinition of educational services, steering universities towards the digital or 4.0 university model. This model includes extensive use of technologies, digital management, and creating engaging experiences for stakeholders.
The digital university utilizes digital technologies and artificial intelligence to enhance decision-making, reduce bureaucracy, and ensure global competitiveness. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the need for digital transformation and increased the importance of digital education quality.
Research aim
Explaining the characteristics of the digital university and explain them through a systematic review of theoretical foundations.

Literature Review

In domestic research, Rahimian, Arasteh, and colleagues have focused on identifying the features and policy models of the digital university. Foreign studies include works by Jones and Goodfellow (2014), who examined the meanings and definitions of the digital university; Smyth et al. (2015), who focused on the strategy and practice of the digital university; and Khalid et al. (2018), who explored emerging technologies and their impacts. Grigoriev and Mishota (2019), Doroshenko et al. (2021), and Akhmetshin et al. (2021) have proposed various models for the digital university that include different levels of services and technologies. Despite the importance of the topic, further research is needed to explore the structure and features of the digital university.

Methodology

In this study, due to the lack of a precise definition of the concept of a digital university, a systematic review of the theoretical foundations has been employed. This method consists of eight stages: identifying the objective, creating a protocol, screening, literature search, information extraction, quality assessment, synthesizing research, and writing the systematic review.
The search was conducted in reputable databases using keywords such as "digital university," resulting in 43 articles. The articles were examined and filtered based on various criteria such as language, date, population, and type of study. Ultimately, 19 top articles were selected for analysis. The articles were assessed for content quality using the CASP evaluation method. Concepts and models were extracted through qualitative content analysis, then which were approved by the experts.

Results

In this study, the activities of the digital university extracted from selected articles are considered as codes, which are categorized into 9 themes. The themes, which represent the characteristics of the digital university, include digital ecosystem, digital curriculum, digital socialization, digital strategies, digital experience, platform-centricity, data-centricity, innovation and agility.
 
 
Figure 1. Features of digital university
 

Discussion

The key features of the digital university include eight categories, the Digital Ecosystem Focuses on interaction with institutions and changes in traditional university functions. The Digital Curriculum Concerns the digitization of content and teaching-learning methods, creating cyber-physical educational environments. Digital Socialization Aims to establish digital interaction between students and graduates to create a digital community ultimately. Digital Strategy Addresses the need for changes in organizational strategies to advance long-term goals. Digital Experience Focuses on enhancing stakeholder experiences by developing competencies and digital literacy. Platform-centric involves the use of innovative technologies and intelligent systems. Data-centric involves collecting and analyzing data for effective decision-making. Innovation and Agility Refers to the use of novel approaches in education and addressing challenges.

Conclusion

Therefore, for success in the digital age, universities must pay attention to innovation and quality in educational and managerial processes and confront the challenges of digitalization. Emphasis on strengthening digital literacy, creating appropriate infrastructure for digital transformation, and creating a digital university is essential.
Keywords: Digital Transformation, Digital University, characteristics of the digital university, Systematic Review.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Digital Transformation
  • Digital University
  • characteristics of the digital university
  • Systematic Review
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مطالعات مدیریت کسب و کار هوشمند
دوره 13، شماره 51
فروردین 1404
صفحه 173-215
فایل ها
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 شهریور 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 24 آذر 1403
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